262 results found View 10, 50, 100, 150 entries per page
Journal Year Drug Authors Title Source
Ann Emerg Med 2001 Lidocaine Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Porter FL, Miller JP, Jaffe DM A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Jan;37(1):20-7
Am J Emerg Med 2001 Lidocaine Udezue E. Lidocaine inhalation for cough suppression Am J Emerg Med. 2001 May;19(3):206-7
Pediatr Emerg Care 2001 Lidocaine Krauss B Management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001 Apr;17(2):115-22; quiz 123-5
Paediatr Drugs 2001 Lidocaine Kennedy RM, Luhmann JD Pharmacological management of pain and anxiety during emergency procedures in children Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(5):337-54
Emerg Med J 2001 Lidocaine Kerr GW, McGuffie AC, Wilkie S Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: a review Emerg Med J. 2001 Jul;18(4):236-41
Emerg Med J 2001 Lidocaine Robinson N, Clancy M In patients with head injury undergoing rapid sequence intubation, does pretreatment with intravenous lignocaine/lidocaine lead to an improved neurological outcome? A review of the literature Emerg Med J. 2001 Nov;18(6):453-7
Curr Opin Pediatr 2001 Lidocaine Chen BK, Cunningham BB Topical anesthetics in children: agents and techniques that equally comfort patients, parents, and clinicians Curr Opin Pediatr. 2001 Aug;13(4):324-30
Int J Paediatr Dent 2001 Lidocaine Cetinkaya F Sensitivity to local anaesthetics among asthmatic children Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001 Nov;11(6):405-8
Ann Emerg Med 2002 Lidocaine Burnett JW Bolus ejection: a method for removing sea urchin spines Ann Emerg Med 2002 Jan;39(1):94-5
Crit Care Med 2002 Lidocaine Vardi A, Salem Y, Padeh S, Paret G, Barzilay Z Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children? A prospective evaluation of propofol versus ketamine in pediatric critical care Crit Care Med. 2002 Jun;30(6):1231-6
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002 Lidocaine Halperin BA, Halperin SA, McGrath P, Smith B, Houston T Use of lidocaine-prilocaine patch to decrease intramuscular injection pain does not adversely affect the antibody response to diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and hepatitis B vaccines in Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 May;21(5):399-405
Am Fam Physician. 2002 Aug 15;66(4):643-5 2002 Lidocaine Gammons M, Salam G Tick removal Am Fam Physician. 2002 Aug 15;66(4):643-5
Paediatr Drugs 2002 Lidocaine Gunter JB Benefit and risks of local anesthetics in infants and children Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(10):649-72
Pediatrics 2002 Lidocaine Kleiber C, Sorenson M, Whiteside K, Gronstal BA, Tannous R Topical anesthetics for intravenous insertion in children: a randomized equivalency study Pediatrics. 2002 Oct;110(4):758-61
N Engl J Med 2002 Lidocaine Berde CB, Sethna NF Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 3;347(14):1094-103
N Engl J Med 2002 Lidocaine Berde CB, Sethna NF Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children N Engl J Med 2002 Oct 3; 347(14):1094-103
Ann Emerg Med 2003 Lidocaine Liu DR, Kirchner HL, Petrack EM Does using heat with eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream shorten analgesic onset time? A randomized, placebo-controlled trial Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Jul;42(1):27-33
Ann Emerg Med 2003 Lidocaine Priestley S, Kelly AM, Chow L, Powell C, Williams A Application of topical local anesthetic at triage reduces treatment time for children with lacerations: a randomized controlled trial Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Jul;42(1):34-40
Pain 2003 Lidocaine Lindh V, Wiklund U, Blomquist HK, Hakansson S EMLA cream and oral glucose for immunization pain in 3-month-old infants Pain. 2003 Jul;104(1-2):381-8
Pediatrics 2003 Lidocaine Kearns GL, Heacook J, Daly SJ, Singh H, Alander SW, Qu S Percutaneous lidocaine administration via a new iontophoresis system in children: tolerability and absence of systemic bioavailability Pediatrics. 2003 Sep;112(3 Pt 1):578-82
JAMA 2003 Lidocaine Howard RF Current status of pain management in children JAMA. 2003 Nov 12;290(18):2464-9
Pediatrics 2004 Lidocaine Luhmann J, Hurt S, Shootman M, Kennedy R A comparison of buffered lidocaine versus ELA-Max before peripheral intravenous catheter insertions in children Pediatrics 2004 Mar;113(3 Pt 1):e217-20
Pediatr Emerg Care 2004 Lidocaine Chiu CY, Lin TY, Hsia SH, Lai SH, Wong KS Systemic anaphylaxis following local lidocaine administration during a dental procedure Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Mar;20(3):178-80
BMJ 2004 Lidocaine Kozer E, Seto W, Verjee Z, Parshuram C, Khattak S, Koren G, Jarvis DA Prospective observational study on the incidence of medication errors during simulated resuscitation in a paediatric emergency department BMJ. 2004 Dec 4;329(7478):1321
Pediatrics 2004 Lidocaine Zempsky WT, Cravero JP; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems Pediatrics. 2004 Nov;114(5):1348-56
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Lidocaine White N, Kim M, Brousseau D, Bergholte J, Hennes H The anesthetic effectiveness of lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine gel on finger lacerations Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Dec;20(12):812-5
Ann Emerg Med 2005 Lidocaine Young KD Pediatric procedural pain Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Feb;45(2):160-71
Anesthesiology 2005 Lidocaine Sethna NF, Verghese ST, Hannallah RS, Solodiuk JC, Zurakowski D, Berde CB A randomized controlled trial to evaluate S-Caine patch for reducing pain associated with vascular access in children Anesthesiology. 2005 Feb;102(2):403-8
Pediatrics 2005 Lidocaine Migdal M, Chudzynska-Pomianowska E, Vause E, Henry E, Lazar J Rapid, needle-free delivery of lidocaine for reducing the pain of venipuncture among pediatric subjects Pediatrics. 2005 Apr;115(4):e393-8
Curr Opin Pediatr 2005 Lidocaine Zelicof-Paul A, Smith-Lockridge A, Schnadower D, Tyler S, Levin S, Roskind C, Dayan P Controversies in rapid sequence intubation in children Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Jun;17(3):355-362
Br J Anaesth 2005 Lidocaine Nyman Y, von Hofsten K, Georgiadi A, Eksborg S, Lonnqvist PA Propofol injection pain in children: a prospective randomized double-blind trial of a new propofol formulation versus propofol with added lidocaine Br J Anaesth. 2005 Aug;95(2):222-225
CMAJ 2005 Lidocaine Taddio A, Soin HK, Schuh S, Koren G, Scolnik D. Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children: a randomized controlled trial CMAJ. 2005 Jun 21;172(13):1691-5
Anesth Analg 2006 Lidocaine Jimenez N, Bradford H, Seidel KD, Sousa M, Lynn AM A comparison of a needle-free injection system for local anesthesia versus EMLA for intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient Anesth Analg. 2006 Feb;102(2):411-4
Acad Emerg Med 2006 Lidocaine Fein JA, Gorelick MH The decision to use topical anesthetic for intravenous insertion in the pediatric emergency department Acad Emerg Med. 2006 Mar;13(3):264-8
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine Baxter AL, Fisher RG, Burke BL, Goldblatt SS, Isaacman DJ, Lawson ML Local anesthetic and stylet styles: factors associated with resident lumbar puncture success Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):876-81
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus on science with treatment recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic and advanced life support Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):e955-77
Plast Reconstr Surg 2006 Lidocaine Bar-Meir E, Zaslansky R, Regev E, Keidan I, Orenstein A, Winkler E Nitrous oxide administered by the plastic surgeon for repair of facial lacerations in children in the emergency room Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Apr 15;117(5):1571-5
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine American Heart Association 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric advanced life support Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):e1005-28
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine American Heart Association 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic life support Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):e989-1004
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine Luhmann JD, Schootman M, Luhmann SJ, Kennedy RM A randomized comparison of nitrous oxide plus hematoma block versus ketamine plus midazolam for emergency department forearm fracture reduction in children Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):e1078-86
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine Luhmann JD, Schootman M, Luhmann SJ, Kennedy RM A randomized comparison of nitrous oxide plus hematoma block versus ketamine plus midazolam for emergency department forearm fracture reduction in children Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):e1078-86
Eur J Emerg Med 2006 Lidocaine Shavit I, Keidan I, Augarten A The practice of pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department Eur J Emerg Med. 2006 Oct;13(5):270-275
Acad Emerg Med 2006 Lidocaine Chale S, Singer AJ, Marchini S, McBride MJ, Kennedy D Digital versus local anesthesia for finger lacerations: a randomized controlled trial Acad Emerg Med. 2006 Oct;13(10):1046-50
Pediatr Emerg Care 2006 Lidocaine Pershad J, Todd K, Waters T Cost-effectiveness analysis of sedation and analgesia regimens during fracture manipulation in the pediatric emergency department Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Oct;22(10):729-36
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Surgery; Canadian Paediatric Society Fetus and Newborn Committee; Batton DG, Barrington KJ, Wallman C Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: an update Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):2231-41
Pediatrics 2006 Lidocaine American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Cote CJ, Wilson S; Work Group on Sedation Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update Pediatrics. 2006 Dec;118(6):2587-602
Paediatr Anaesth 2007 Lidocaine Politis GD, Tobias JD Rapid sequence intubation without a neuromuscular blocking agent in a 14-year-old female patient with myasthenia gravis Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Mar;17(3):285-8
Pediatrics 2007 Lidocaine Breakey VR, Pirie J, Goldman RD Pediatric and emergency medicine residents' attitudes and practices for analgesia and sedation during lumbar puncture in pediatric patients Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;119(3):e631-6
Paediatr Anaesth 2007 Lidocaine Kaabachi O, Chettaoui O, Ouezini R, Abdelaziz AB, Cherif R, Kokki H A ketamine-propofol admixture does not reduce the pain on injection compared with a lidocaine-propofol admixture Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Aug;17(8):734-7
Semin Perinatol 2007 Lidocaine Lehr VT, Taddio A Topical anesthesia in neonates: clinical practices and practical considerations Semin Perinatol. 2007 Oct;31(5):323-9
Pediatrics 2008 Lidocaine Hegenbarth MA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs Preparing for pediatric emergencies: drugs to consider Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):433-43
J Pediatr 2008 Lidocaine Zempsky WT, Robbins B, Richards PT, Leong MS, Schechter NL A novel needle-free powder lidocaine delivery system for rapid local analgesia J Pediatr. 2008 Mar;152(3):405-11
Br J Anaesth 2008 Lidocaine Arendts G, Stevens M, Fry M Topical anaesthesia and intravenous cannulation success in paediatric patients: a randomized double-blind trial Br J Anaesth. 2008 Apr;100(4):521-4
Paediatr Anaesth 2008 Lidocaine Burgoyne LL, Anghelescu DL Intervention steps for treating laryngospasm in pediatric patients Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Apr;18(4):297-302
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008 Lidocaine Cregin R, Rappaport AS, Montagnino G, Sabogal G, Moreau H, Abularrage JJ Improving pain management for pediatric patients undergoing nonurgent painful procedures Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Apr 15;65(8):723-7
Ann Emerg Med 2008 Lidocaine Singer AJ, Taira BR, Chisena EN, Gupta N, Chipley J Warm lidocaine/tetracaine patch versus placebo before pediatric intravenous cannulation: a randomized controlled trial Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jul;52(1):41-7
JAMA 2008 Lidocaine Carbajal R, Rousset A, Danan C, Coquery S, Nolent P, Ducrocq S, Saizou C, Lapillonne A, Granier M, Durand P, Lenclen R, Coursol A, Hubert P, de Saint Blanquat L, Boëlle PY, Annequin D, Cimerman P, Anand KJ, Bréart G Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units JAMA. 2008 Jul 2;300(1):60-70
Pediatr Emerg Care 2008 Lidocaine Spanos S, Booth R, Koenig H, Sikes K, Gracely E, Kim IK Jet Injection of 1% buffered lidocaine versus topical ELA-Max for anesthesia before peripheral intravenous catheterization in children: a randomized controlled trial Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Aug;24(8):511-5
Pediatr Clin North Am 2008 Lidocaine Samson RA, Atkins DL Tachyarrhythmias and defibrillation Pediatr Clin North Am. 2008 Aug;55(4):887-907
Pediatr Emerg Care 2008 Lidocaine Fuchs S Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and pediatric advanced life support update for the emergency physician Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Aug;24(8):561-5
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008 Lidocaine Pershad J, Steinberg SC, Waters TM Cost-effectiveness analysis of anesthetic agents during peripheral intravenous cannulation in the pediatric emergency department Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Oct;162(10):952-61
J Pediatr 2008 Lidocaine Dilli D, Küçük IZ, Dallar Y Interventions to Reduce Pain during Vaccination in Infancy J Pediatr. 2008 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Pediatrics 2008 Lidocaine Zempsky WT Pharmacologic approaches for reducing venous access pain in children Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122 Suppl 3:S140-53
Pediatrics 2009 Lidocaine Babl FE, Goldfinch C, Mandrawa C, Crellin D, O'Sullivan R, Donath S Does nebulized lidocaine reduce the pain and distress of nasogastric tube insertion in young children? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Pediatrics. 2009 Jun;123(6):1548-55
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009 Lidocaine Tzimenatos L, Bond GR; Pediatric Therapeutic Error Study Group Severe injury or death in young children from therapeutic errors: a summary of 238 cases from the American Association of Poison Control Centers Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Apr;47(4):348-54
Pediatr Emerg Care 2009 Lidocaine Mularoni PP, Cohen LL, DeGuzman M, Mennuti-Washburn J, Greenwald M, Simon HK A randomized clinical trial of lidocaine gel for reducing infant distress during urethral catheterization Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009 Jul;25(7):439-43
Eur J Emerg Med 2009 Lidocaine O’connor G, Mullarkey C Topical anaesthesia in children: reducing the need for specialty referral Eur J Emerg Med. 2009 Jul 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Pediatrics 2009 Lidocaine AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE Joint Policy Statement--Guidelines for Care of Children in the Emergency Department Pediatrics. 2009 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]
BMJ 2009 Lidocaine Atkinson P, Chesters A, Heinz P Pain management and sedation for children in the emergency department BMJ. 2009 Oct 30;339:b4234
Contemp Pediatr 2006 Lidocaine Howard J, Loiselle J A clinician's guide to safe and effective tick removal Contemp Pediatr 2006 May
US Pharmacist 2005 Lidocaine Tom CM Management of Acute Pain in Hospitalized Children US Pharmacist 2005;30(8)
Ann Emerg Med 1998 Lidocaine Ramos PC, Smith-Coggins R Pain Management for Pediatric Lumbar Puncture in an Emergency Care Setting Ann Emerg Med 1998 Sep;32(3 Pt 2):S52
CJEM 2002 Lidocaine Vaillancourt C, Kapur A, Stiell IG, Wells GA Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Lidocaine During Intubation of Head Injury Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis CJEM 2002 Mar;4(2) Scientific abstract 019
Acad Emerg Med 2001 Lidocaine Schultz AA, Strout TD, Jordan P, Worthing B, Bayer J Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Dermal Anesthesia by Lidocaine Iontophoresis in Emergency Department Pediatric Patients Acad Emerg Med 2001 May;8(5):429
J Pediatr Health Care 2002 Levonorgestrel Roye CF, Johnsen JR Adolescents and emergency contraception J Pediatr Health Care. 2002 Jan-Feb;16(1):3-9
J Pediatr Health Care 2002 Levonorgestrel Roye CF, Johnsen JR Adolescents and emergency contraception J Pediatr Health Care. 2002 Jan-Feb;16(1):3-9
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2003 Levonorgestrel Lindberg CE. Emergency contraception for prevention of adolescent pregnancy MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2003 May-Jun;28(3):199-204
Pediatr Emerg Care 2010 Levonorgestrel Patel S, Miller MK, Dowd MD Patient characteristics and provider practice patterns for emergency contraception in a pediatric emergency department Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Jan;26(1):6-9
N Engl J Med 2000 Levomethadyl acetate O'Connor PG Treating opioid dependence--new data and new opportunities N Engl J Med 2000 Nov 2; 343(18):1332-4
Postgrad Med 2003 Levofloxacin Cunha BA Penicillin resistance in pneumococcal pneumonia. Antibiotics with low resistance potential are effective and pose less risk Postgrad Med. 2003 Jan;113(1):42-4, 47-8, 52-4
JAMA 2007 Levofloxacin Pichichero ME, Casey JR Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children JAMA. 2007 Oct 17;298(15):1772-8
Allergy 2007 Levocetirizine Muraro A, Roberts G, Clark A, Eigenmann PA, Halken S, Lack G, Moneret-Vautrin A, Niggemann B, Rancé F; EAACI Task Force on Anaphylaxis in Children The management of anaphylaxis in childhood: position paper of the European academy of allergology and clinical immunology Allergy. 2007 Aug;62(8):857-71
Paediatr Drugs 2002 Levobupivacaine Gunter JB Benefit and risks of local anesthetics in infants and children Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(10):649-72
N Engl J Med 2002 Levobupivacaine Berde CB, Sethna NF Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 3;347(14):1094-103
N Engl J Med 2002 Levobupivacaine Berde CB, Sethna NF Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children N Engl J Med 2002 Oct 3; 347(14):1094-103
Pediatrics 2006 Levobupivacaine American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Cote CJ, Wilson S; Work Group on Sedation Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update Pediatrics. 2006 Dec;118(6):2587-602
Neurology 2004 Levetiracetam Lewis D, Ashwal S, Hershey A, Hirtz D, Yonker M, Silberstein S; American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee; Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society Practice parameter: pharmacological treatment of migraine headache in children and adolescents: report of the American Academy of Neurology Quality Standards Subcommittee and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society Neurology. 2004 Dec 28;63(12):2215-24
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007 Levetiracetam Balottin U, Termine C Recommendations for the management of migraine in paediatric patients Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;8(6):731-44
Pediatr Emerg Care 2008 Levetiracetam Abend NS, Huh JW, Helfaer MA, Dlugos DJ Anticonvulsant medications in the pediatric emergency room and intensive care unit Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Oct;24(10):705-18
Curr Treat Options Neurol 2009 Levetiracetam Abend NS, Marsh E Convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2009 Jul;11(4):262-72
Chest 2001 Levalbuterol Werner HA Status asthmaticus in children: a review Chest. 2001 Jun;119(6):1913-29
Paediatr Drugs 2001 Levalbuterol DeNicola LK, Gayle MO, Blake KV Drug therapy approaches in the treatment of acute severe asthma in hospitalised children Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(7):509-37
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 Levalbuterol Milgrom H, Skoner DP, Bensch G, Kim KT, Claus R, Baumgartner RA; Levalbuterol Pediatric Study Group Low-dose levalbuterol in children with asthma: safety and efficacy in comparison with placebo and racemic albuterol J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Dec;108(6):938-45
Pediatr Pulmonol 2002 Levalbuterol Slattery D, Wong SW, Colin AA Levalbuterol hydrochloride Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002 Feb;33(2):151-7
Curr Opin Pediatr 2002 Levalbuterol Stone KD Atopic diseases of childhood Curr Opin Pediatr. 2002 Oct;14(5):634-46
Pediatr Emerg Care 2002 Levalbuterol Scarfone RJ, Friedlaender EY. beta2-Agonists in acute asthma: The evolving state of the art Pediatr Emerg Care 2002 Dec;18(6):442-7
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 Levalbuterol National Asthma Education and Prevention Program National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma Update on Selected Topics--2002 J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Nov;110(5 Suppl):S141-219
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2003 Levalbuterol Nowak R Single-isomer levalbuterol: a review of the acute data Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003 Mar;3(2):172-8
Respir Care 2003 Levalbuterol Kercsmar CM Current trends in management of pediatric asthma Respir Care. 2003 Mar;48(3):194-205; discussion 205-8
J Pediatr 2003 Levalbuterol Carl JC, Myers TR, Kirchner HL, Kercsmar CM Comparison of racemic albuterol and levalbuterol for treatment of acute asthma J Pediatr. 2003 Dec;143(6):731-6